EEnglish Corner

Expressions of Obligation (Contoh Ungkapan dan Dialog Keharusan)

Hello, eighth graders. How is it going there? I hope all of you are good. Now, we are going to learn about obligation. What’s that? Let’s check it out.

Dalam keseharian kita tidak akan bisa lepas dari hal-hal yang harus kita lakukan atau sebaliknya hal-hal yang harus tidak dilakukan. Hal-hal yang harus kita lakukan merupakan keharusan (obligation) dan sebaliknya hal-hal yang harus tidak kita lakukan merupakan ketidakharusan (not obligation). Tentu keharusan dan ketidakharusan tersebut demi kebaikan semua orang.

Selama masa pandemi Covid-19, misalnya, banyak keharusan dan ketidakharusan yang harus kalian taati demi kebaikan dan keselamatan bersama. Bisakah kalian menyebutkan apa saja yang harus kalian lakukan (keharusan/ obligation) dan apa saja yang harus tidak kalian lakukan (ketidakharusan/ not obligation) selama pandemi Covid-19? Ya, jawaban kalian. Kita harus memakai masker, mencuci tangan dengan sabun/ handsanitizer, menjaga jarak, dsb. Sebaliknya kita harus tidak ke luar rumah tanpa masker, tidak makan sebelum mencuci tangan pakai sabun, dsb. Nah, bagaimana kalau kalian ingin mengungkapkan keharusan dan ketidakharusan dalam bahasa Inggris? Yeah, let’s see.

Task 1. Look at the poster and answer the questions.

  1. What is the poster about?
  2. What must we do to prevent the spread of corona virus?
  3. What mustn’t we do to avoid the virus infection?
  4. What do you want to know more about what we must do and mustn’t do during the pandemic of Covid-19?

Task 2. Find ten hidden words related to corona virus spread in the following grid in any directions.

Task 3. Watch the video to answer the questions below.

  1. What are the two speakers talking about?
  2. What must we do to prevent the spread of corona virus?
  3. What mustn’t we do to avoid the virus infection?
  4. What do the speakers say to show obligations during Covid-19 pandemic?
  5. What do the speakers say to express not obligation during Covid-19 pandemic?
  6. What must we do after watching this video?

Task 4. Watch again the video to write down the expressions of obligation and not obligation in the column provided.

Baik, adik-adik. Dari latihan 4 apa yang bisa kalian simpulkan? Ternyata, ada dua cara bukan untuk mengungkapkan obligation. Kalian bisa menggunakan kata must atau have to yang artinya harus atau wajib. Coba kalian simak baik-baik gambar berikut ya.

Dari gambar di atas dapat diketahui bahwa ada dua modal verbs atau kata kerja modal yaitu must dan have to/has to. Secara makna kedua kata tersebut memiki makna yang sama yaitu harus, namun dalam budaya tutur bahasa Inggris, dua kata tersebut memiliki fungsi yang berbeda. Must digunakan untuk menyatakan keharusan yang sifatnya personal, artinya keharusan itu datang dari diri pribadi, misalnya saya harus belajar giat (I must study hard). Keharusan belajar giat merupakan keharusan yang bersifat pribadi.

Sebaliknya, kata have to/ has to digunakan ketika keharusan itu berkaitan dengan membantu orang lain, terkait dengan tata tertib atau peraturan (rule/regulation). Sebagai contoh, setiap siswa sekolah dari tingkat TK hingga SMA di Indonesia harus atau wajib mengenakan seragam. Maka dalam bahasa Inggris kalimat berikut tidak menggunakan kata must tetapi menggunakan kata have to. Students have to wear school uniforms.

Setelah membandingkan makna dari ungkapan obligation menggunakan kata must dan have to/has to, sekarang kalian perhatikan bagaimana struktur kalimat ungkapan obligation yang benar. Jika kalian perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut, apa yang bisa kalian simpulkan terkait struktur kalimatnya?

  1. We must eat plenty of fruits to maintain our health immune system.
  2. We have to obey the school regulation.
  3. Every student has to follow the flag ceremony every Monday.

Dari kalimat nomor 1 bisa kita lihat bahwa we (subject) diikuti must (modal verb) dan diikuti kata eat (kata kerja bentuk pertama atau disebut infinitive). Kata lain yang mengikutinya disebut pelengkap atau complement.

Dari kalimat nomor dua, dapat kita lihat bahwa we (subject) diikuti kata have dan diikuti to dan obey (kata kerja dasar atau infinitive). Perlu kalian ketahui bahwa have to dipakai ketika subject kalimat memiliki kata ganti they, we, I, you.

Dari kalimat nomor tiga, dapat kita lihat bahwa every student (subject) diikuti kata has dan diikuti to dan wear (kata kerja dasar atau infinitive). Perlu kalian ketahui bahwa has to dipakai ketika subject kalimat memiliki kata ganti he, she, it. Seperti pada contoh kalimat tersebut, every student diikuti kata has to karena every student menunjukkan satu orang sehingga kata gantinya bisa he (jika laki-laki) atau she (jika perempuan).

Dari tiga contoh kalimat di atas bisa kita simpulkan bahwa ungkapan obligation menggunakan pola kalimat seperti berikut.

Obligation

  • Subject + must + infinitive
  • Subject + have/has + to infinitive

Selanjutnya bagaimana kalau kalian ingin mengungkapkan ketidakharusan (not obligation)? Coba kalian simak kembali video ini. Apakah kalian dapat menangkap ungkapan not obligation? Kalau kalian cermati, ada kalimat yang berbunyi we must not neglect it (Kita tidak boleh mengabaikan ini.) Kalimat tersebut terdiri dari kata We (subject) diikuti must (modal verb) dan not, lalu diikuti kata ignore (infinitive verb/ kata kerja bentuk pertama atau kata kerja bentuk dasar tanpa imbuhan apapun) dan it sebagai pelengkap atau complement.

Lalu bagaimana jika ungkapan not obligation menggunakan kata have to atau has to? Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut.

We do not have to wear a tie. (Kita tidak harus mengenakan dasi.)

Dari contoh di atas dapat kita ketahui bahwa ungkapan not obligation menggunakan kata have to terdiri dari kata we (subject), kemudian diikuti do/deos not dan diikuti have to dan wear (infinitive) dan a tie (complement).

Dengan demikian, dapat kita simpulkan bahwa pola kalimat ungkapan not obligation adalah sebagai berikut.

Not obligation.

  1. Subjecr + must not + infinitive
  2. Subjecy + do/does+ not + have to infinitive

Oh iya, adik-adik. Perlu kalian ketahui juga bahwa kata must not dapat disingkat menjadi mustn’t.

Setelah menyimak penjelasan di atas, saya berharap kalian sidah paham bagaimana mengungkapkan obligation secara benar berdasarkan konteks situasi yang tepat. Sekarang coba kalian membuat kalimat sendiri ya untuk mengungkapkan obligation dan not obligation dengan mengerjakan latihan berikut.

Task 5. Pay attention to the following poster to write down expressions of obligation and not obligation using your own words in the table provided.

Task 6. Complete the following dialogue using the expressions of obligation and not obligation.

Dialogue 1.

Dialogue 2.

Task 7. Write down a dialogue using the expressions of obligation and not obligation based on the following picture then practise it with a friend. Don’t forget to take a video and send it to your teacher.

Ok, dears. It’s time to break. See you again next time. Thank you. Stay safe and healthy. Chayo…🖐️

Reference

https://letslearnenglish.com/modals-of-obligation-and-prohibition/

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