Eksplorasi Konsep: Coaching dalam Konteks Pendidikan

Semua orang pasti menemui masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tidak ada satu pun yang lepas dari masalah. Dalam dunia pendidikan, masalah juga seringkali dijumpai. misalnya seorang siswa yang mengamali kesulitan memahami materi mata pelajaran tertentu. Masalah tersebut harus dicari solusinya. Jika masalah tersebut tidak diatasi, maka siswa tersebut akan gagal meraih hasil belajar yang optimal.

Guru sebagai orang yang paling berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan siswa dalam meraih prestasi akademik seyogyanya mampu memainkan peran  sebagai coach bagi siswa. Sebagai coach, guru dapat membantu siswa untuk menemukan jalan keluar sehingga siswa dapat mengatasi masalah belajarnya dan hasil belajar akan lebih optimal. Lalu, apa yang dimaksud dengan coaching? Mari kita lanjutkan diskusi kita.

Definisi Coach

Beberapa ahli mendefiniskan coach sebagai berikut.

  1. Menurut Grand (1999), coaching adalah proses kolaborasi antara caoch dan coachee yang memiliki fokus untuk menemukan solusi atas suatu masalah yang sedang dihadapi oleh coachee, berorientasi pada hasil dan sistematis. Coach memfasilitasi peningkatan atas performa kerja, pengalaman hidup, pembelajaran diri, dan pertumbuhan pribadi  dari coachee.
  2. Menurut Whitmore (2003), caoching adalah pintu pembuka seseorang untuk memaksmalkan kinerjanya dengan membantu seseorang untuk belajar, bukan mengajarinya.
  3. Menurut International Coach Federation (IFC), coaching adalah bentuk kemitraan bersama klien (caochee) untuk memaksimalkan potensi pribadi dan profesional yang dimilikinya melalui proses stimulasi dan eksplorasi pemikiran dan proses kreatif.

Dari definisi IFC, Pramudianto (2020) menyampaikan tiga makna terkait dengan coaching sebagai berikut.

  1. kemitraan, yaitu hubungan antara coach dan coachee yang setara dalam membantu coachee mencapai tujuannya.
  2. memberdayakan, yaitu proses coaching yang menekankan pada bertanya reflekstif dan mendalam dengan menggali, memetakan situasinya sehingga menghasilkan pemikiran atau ide-ide baru.
  3. Optimalisasi, yaitu coachee menemukan jawaban sendiri dan coach memastikan jawaban yang didapat dari coachee diterapkan adalam aksi nyata sehingga potensi coachee berkembang.

Coaching dalam Konteks Sekolah

Sebagai guru diharapkan menjadi pemimpin pembelajaran. Sebagai pemimpin pembelajaran, guru harus mampu memapinkan banyak peran. Guru harus bisa menjadi seorang coach, konselor, maupun mentor tergantung dari situasi yang dihadapi. Lalu, apa perbedaan dari coach, konselor, dan mentor? Mari kita diskusikan lebih lanjut.

Pada prinsipnya, perbedaan coach, mentor, dan konselor terletak apda bagaimana seorang guru membantu muridnya mengatasi permasalahannya dalam mengembangkan potensi yang dimilikinya. Sebagai konselor, guru memebrikan bantuan kepada murid dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Sebagai mentor, guru memberikan contoh kepada muridnya berdasarkan pengalaman pribadinya dalam mengatasi masalah yang sama. Sebagai mentor, guru membantu muridnya menemukan sendiri solusi dari masalah yang sedang dihadapi.

 

Komunikasi yang Memberdayakan

Berdasarkan definisi yang dibahas sebelumnya, seorang coach harus dapat memberdayakan coachee. Dalam rangka memberdayakan coachee, seorang coach harus mampu berkomunikasi yang  memberdayakan coachee. Dalam konteks pendidikan, seorang guru yang memerankan peran sebagai coach harus mampu berkomunikasi yang memberdayakan murid sehingga murid dapat mengoptimalkan potensi yang dimilikinya.

Komunikasi adalah proses meneruskan informasi atau pesan dari satu pihak ke pihak lain denngan menggunakan media kata, tulisan atau tanda peraga. Komunikasi dapat terjadi satu arah dan dua arah. Komunikasi satu arah berarti hanya satu pihak saja yang mendapatkan kesempatan berbicara, sedangkan pihak lain hanya mendengarkan. Komunikasi dua arah melibatkan kedua belah pihak untuk berbicara dan dan saling mendengarkan.

Terdapat beberapa tipe komunikasi. Memahami tipe komunikasi dapat membantu kita dalam membawa kita dalam percakapan yang efektif dan memberdayakan. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, seringkali kita berada pada situasi ketika lawan bicara tidak memeprhatikan apa yang kita bicarakan. Dalam situasi seperti ini kita perlu menggunakan tipe komunikasi asertif.

Sebelum membahas lebih jauh tentang tipe komunikasi asertif, terlebih dahulu kita mengenal tipe komunikasi sebagai berikut.

  1. Tipe agresif, yaitu orang yang mendominasi pembicaraan dan menang sendiri, pendapatnya harus didengar dan ditanggapi, menghakimi permasalahan yang didiskusikan.
  2. Tipe pasif, yaitu orang yang cendureung diam, kurang ekspresif, dan menerima apa yang dikatakan oleh orang lain atau suara mayoritas.
  3. Tipe asertif, yaitu sorang yang mampu memadukan tipe agresif dan pasif secara tepat. Tipe asertif memandang semua orang berhak menyampaikan pendapat. Tipe asertif selalu mencari jalan tengah, kadang berpendapat, kadang pasif untuk mendengarkan dengan baik pendapat orang lain.

Komunikasi yang memberdayakan adalah komunikasi asertif. Secara umum, komunikasi asertif  bermakna tegas. Komunikasi asertif artinya kita dapat menyampaikan apa yang menjadi kebutuhan kita tanpa merusak relasi kita dengan orang lain karena dalam komunikasi asertif terkandung makna  jujur dan rasa hormat. Komunikasi asertif lebih melihat dalam diri orang lain, memahami apa yang dirasakan oleh lawan bicara, tujuan, bertanggung jawab apa yang dipikirkan dan jujur dalam menyampaikan pesan verbal dan noverbal secara konsisten.

Sebagai seorang guru harus menjadi komunikator asertif supaya dapat membantu murid memaksimalkan potensi yang dimilikinya.

A. Komunikasi Asertif

Coach harus dapat membangun keselearasan dalam berkomunikasi. Berikut adalah tips yang dapat dilakukan oleh coach dalam berkomunikasi asertif.

  1. Menyamakan kata kunci. memperhatikan kata kunci dalam pembicaraan memberikan kesan bahwa antara coach dan coachee saling menerima komunikasi yang dilakukan. Kata kunci juga merupakan awal keberhasilan coach dan coachee dalam menyesuaikan diri dalam berkomunikasi dan membangun relasi yang baik. Kata kunci biasanya adalah kata yang sering diulang-ulang. Kata kunci dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membantu coachee dalam mencapai tujuannya. Coach dapat menggunakan kata kunci untuk membuat klarifikasi, misalnya: “Tadi kamu bilang tidak suka karena gurunya lebay. Apakah kamu bisa menjelaskan seperti apa bentuk lebay guru itu?”
  2. Menyamakan bahasa tubuh. Bahasa tubuh menentukan bagaimana lawan bicara menanggapi komunikasi yang kita bangun sehingga guru perlu memperhatikan bahasa tubuh saat berkomunikasi. Bahasa tubuh meliputi mimik wajah, suara, postur tubuh, maupun gerakan tubuh. Coach dapat menunjukkan setuju dengan cara menganggukkan kepala atau tersenyum.
  3. Menyelaraskan emosi. Guru juga perlu menyelaraskan emosi saat berkomunikasi dengan murid. Dengan menyelasarkan emosi, coachee akan merasa bahwa coach berada pada pihaknya dan mengerti perasaannya. Contoh menyelaraskan emosi adalah sebagai berikut: “Saya paham perasaanmu.”

 

B. Pendengar Aktif

Salah satu keterampilan coach adalah keterampilan mendengar. Mendengar aktif berarti ketika berkomunikasi, Guru fokus pada coachee, yaitu murid. Guru lebih banyak mendengarkan daripada berbicara. Guru juga harus mengesampingkan agenda pribadi atau apa yang ada dalam pikirannya tentang coachee. Guru juga tidak mudah memberikan penilaian atau judgement kepada murid.

 

 

 

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