Drug Label: Fungsi Sosial, Struktur Teks dan Unsur Kebahasaan Teks Khusus Label

Hi there! Hope everyone is great. I feel very happy to meet you again with a new topic. The topic is drug label. Are you ready to learn together? Ok, let’s start now.

Semua orang pasti pernah mengalami sakit. Saat sakit ringan pada umumnya orang lebih suka membeli obat di apotek. Ketika membeli obat di apotek, sangatlah penting memperhatikan semua informasi yang tertera pada label obat yang akan dibeli. Tentu tujuannya agar tidak salah minum obat sehingga sakit yang tadinya ringan justru semakin berat atau bahkan berakibat fatal. Nah, kali ini, saya akan memaparkan bagaimana cara membaca label obat yang dijual di pasaran secara bebas.

Dalam postingan sebelumnya berjudul Food or Drink Label sudah saya sampaikan definisi dari label. Masih ingat bukan? Label is a piece of paper or plastic which is attached on an object in order to give information about the object. Karena sudah kita bahas sebelumnya mengenai definisi dan tujuan label, maka kali ini kita to the point aja ya belajar tentang stuktur teks dari label obat. What are they?

Label obat terdiri dari beberapa bagian seperti berikut. Setiap bagian memberikan informasi penting bagi konsumen.

Name of the Medication

name of med

Tiap label obat paling tidak terdapat dua nama, yaitu nama dagang (trade name) dan nama umum (generic name). Trade name adalah nama yang diberikan oleh perusahaan dan biasanya ditulis dalam huruf kapital semua, misalnya Panadol. Sedangkan generic name adalah nama yang diberikan secara resmi oleh suatu negara dan biasanya ditulis dalam huruf berukuran lebih kecil daripada trade name, misalnya generic name dari Panadol adalah acetaminophen.

Active Ingredients and Purpose

active ingredients1

Kandungan aktif (active ingredients) dan tujuan (purpose) umumnya tertera di bagian atas label. Active ingredients adalah senyawa kimia yang berfungsi mengobati gejala sakit sesuai tujuan (purpose) obat tersebut. Sebagai contoh di atas, active ingredients yang terkandung dalam setiap tablet adalah acetaminophen sebanyak 500 mg yang bertujuan untuk pain reliever/fever reducer (pereda nyeri/penurun demam)

Uses

uses

Kegunaan (uses) pada label obat memberikan informasi tentang gejala (symptoms) atau penyakit (diseases) yang dapat disembuhkan (treated) oleh obat tersebut. Pada contoh label di atas, uses dari obat tersebut adalah temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to (untuk sementara meredakan sakit atau nyeri ringan akibat)

  • headache (sakit kepala)
  • tootache (sakit gigi)
  • the common cold (flu biasa)
  • muscular aches (sakit otot)
  • backache (sakit punggung)
  • premenstrual and menstrual cramps (kram pra-menstruasi dan menstruasi)
  • minor pains of arthritis (nyeri artritis ringan)

Warning

warning

Bagian paling penting dari label obat adalah peringatan (warnings) dan biasanya bagian ini paling banyak. Warnings memberikan informasi rinci untuk keselamatan (safety) yang meliputi who shouldn’t take the drug (siapa yang tidak boleh minum obat ini), when you should stop using it (kapan anda sebaiknay berhenti meminum obat ini), when to call your doctor (kapan anda perlu ke dokter), and side effects you might have (efek samping yang mungkin anda alami). Informasi ini membantu kita untuk mengetahui apakah obat ini aman untuk kondisi Kesehatan kita atau kita harus mencari obat lain. Salah satu contoh peringatan pada label di atas adalah If a skin reaction occurs, stop use and seek medical help right away (Jika terjadi reaksi pada kulit, hentikan penggunaan obat dan segera mencari bantuan medis).

Directions

direction

Periksa bagian direction (petunjuk pemakaian) dengan baik. Direction memberikan informasi kepada kita berapa banyak obat (how much of the drug) dan berapa kali obat itu dikonsumsi (how often to take the drug) dan informasi seperti ini disebut dosis (dosage). Pada label ini dikatakan take 2 tablets every 6 hours yang berarti pemakai harus meminum obat ini sebanyak 2 tablet setiap enam jam sekali bagi orang dewasa (adults) dan anak berusia 12 tahun ke atas (children 12 years and over). Ingat ya, jangan lebih dan kurang supaya tidak mengalami over dosis karena kebanyakan minum obat atau tidak sembuh karena minum obatnya tidak sesuai dosis.

Other Information

other infromation

Other information (informasi lain) memberitahukan konsumen terkait dengan cara penyimpanan (how to store the drug). Pada contoh label di atas disebutkan bahwa obat itu harus di simpan pada suhu 20°-25°C (store at 20°-25°C). Jika obat disimpan pada suhu yang lebih rendah atau tinggi dari 20°-25°C maka obat akan rusak karena panas (heat) atau kelembaban (humidity). Informasi lain misalnya peringatan untuk jangan menggunakan obat yang telah rusak segelnya (Don’t use if the seal is broken).

Inactive Ingredients

inactive ingredents

Kandungan tidak aktif adalah senyawa kimia yang terkandung di dalam obat tetapi tidak mengobati gejala, misalnya preservatives (pengawet), dyes (pewarna) dan flavoring (perisa)

Expiration date

exp

Semua label obat terdapat tanggal kedaluwarsa (expiration date) yang sering disingkat EXP. Frase yang sering dipakai untuk tanggal kedaluwarsa adalah Expired Date, Exp. Date, Expires, Best Before, dsb. Kita sebaiknya selalu memperhatikan tangal kedaluwarsa. Jika sudah melebihi tanggal kedaluwarsa kita tidak boleh mengkonsumsi obat terebut. .

So far, kalian sudah paham ya informasi apa saja yang harus kita perhatikan pada label obat yang akan kita konsumsi demi keselamatan kita semua. Tentu semua berharap kita segera sembuh setelah minum obat dan sebaliknya tidak pernah berharap obat yang kita minum justru memperburuk kondisi kesehatan kita. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang diharapkan tentu kita harus mematuhi semua anjuran dan tidak mengabaikan semua peringatan yang tertera pada label.

Untuk mengetahui pemahaman kalian tentang label obay, kerjakan latihan berikut ya.

Task 1. Read the following label and answer the questions.

  1. What is the label about?
  2. What is the name of the product?
  3. What is the name of the distributor of the product?
  4. How many tablets in one package does the product contain?
  5. What should the consumer do to store this product?
  6. How much active ingredient does the product contain in each tablet?
  7. Why should the consumer find the information about the expired date?
  8. What should the consumer do to find the information about the dosage?

Task 2. Read the following label to answer the questions below.

  1. What is the text about?
  2. What is the purpose of the text?
  3. What is the active ingredient of the product?
  4. Who will probably take this product?
  5. What should the consumer do before taking this product if he/she suffers glauocoma?
  6. What should a pregnant woman do before taking this product?
  7. What should a children over 12 years do to take this product?
  8. What the consumer do to store this product?
  9. What will probably happen if a consumer does not read this text carefully?
  10. What will you do before you take this product?

Task 3. Find an example of a drug label and answer the questions below.

  1. What is the text about?
  2. What is the purpose of the text?
  3. What is the active ingredient of the product?
  4. Who will probably take this product?
  5. What warning should the consumer pay attention to before taking this product?
  6. What is the dosage that the consumer should pay attention to?
  7. What should the consumer do to store this product?
  8. What will probably happen if a consumer does not read this text carefully?
  9. What will you do before taking this product?
  10. Will you take this product? Write down the reason?

Ok, Guys. I think I have talked too much and it is time to leave. Thank you very much and hope you get useful information. Bye and see you next time with another topic.

Untuk latihan soal dan RPP saya susulkan, ya. Sedangkan untuk Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) silakan klik di sini

References

http://www.cwladis.com/math104/lecture3.php

https://intisari.grid.id/read/0332898/pahami-dulu-cara-membaca-label-obat-ini-sebelum-membeli-obat-bebas?page=all

https://hellosehat.com/hidup-sehat/tips-sehat/cara-membaca-label-obat/

https://www.sederet.com/tutorial/membaca-label-obat-bahasa-inggris/

https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ss/slideshow-how-to-read-drug-labels

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